Developmental Perspectives on the Root Causes of the Middle East’s Challenges: The Question of Institutional and Social Adaptability

The Middle East and North Africa is considered a region highly prone to instability conflict, where religiosity sectarianism assumes prominence. It commonly thought that the source of MENA countries’ troubles primarily political in nature hence they require mainly responses. region’s historical legacies geopolitics entailing foreign interventions would only reinforce such perception but ‘hard politics’ clearly has limitations resolving challenges. Instead, ‘development’ much more pertinence than meets eye; multidisciplinary developmental approach opens whole new window opportunity for understanding root causes MENA’s challenges its way forward, by unraveling complexities region. At heart matter question adapting changes times, making necessary institutional, social-behavioral deal with reality. major are inherently due their lack development key areas: ‘within-state development’, ‘participatory state capacity, secularization..